The situation of IDPs in Zimbabwe varies widely, depending on the reasons for their displacement and the length of time they have been displaced. Accordingly, their needs range from emergency humanitarian assistance to interventions aimed at securing durable solutions. For a significant proportion of IDPs local integration in the place of displacement would be the preferred durable solution, but lack of security of tenure presents a major obstacle.
Since the formation of the Government of National Unity in February 2009, the government’s approach to internal displacement in Zimbabwe has begun to improve. While previously the government did not acknowledge the existence of internal displacement in the country, in August 2009 the government participated in a joint rapid IDP assessment with the United Nations, and has called for a more comprehensive and nationwide quantitative IDP assessment to be conducted afterwards. This has not yet taken place and is partly the cause of the lack of available numbers on IDPs. Humanitarian access to IDPs has also improved considerably.
An unknown number of people is still displaced. Displacement occurred as a result of different government policies and actions. The two largest groups of internally displaced people (IDPs) are farm workers and their families who have been displaced as a result of losing their employment on farms which were affected by the fast-track land reform programme; and people displaced as a result of evictions in Zimbabwe’s towns and cities. Others were displaced by government campaigns against informal mine workers, and by politically-motivated violence. Of the last group, most have been able to return home after the elections, while many of the first three groups have been able to find other durable solutions. There has been an increase lately in government - civil society initiatives aimed at finding durable solutions with the active participation of displaced and host communities.
In October 2009, President Mugabe was the second Head of State to sign the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of IDPs in Africa (Kampala Convention). It is expected that the Kampala Convention will be domesticated and ratified soon.
The situation of internally displaced people (IDPs) in Zimbabwe varies widely, depending on the reasons for their displacement and the length of time they have been displaced. Accordingly, their needs range from emergency humanitarian assistance to interventions aimed at securing durable solutions. A significant proportion of IDPs would choose to integrate in the place they were displaced to, but their lack of security of tenure presents a major obstacle to this.
Since the formation of the Government of National Unity in February 2009, the government’s approach to internal displacement has begun to improve. While previous governments did not acknowledge internal displacement in the country, in August 2009 the government participated in a rapid IDP assessment with the United Nations, and has called for a more comprehensive nationwide survey of IDPs to be conducted. This has not yet taken place and is one cause of the lack of information on the scale of continuing internal displacement. Meanwhile, under the new government, the access of humanitarians to IDPs has improved considerably.
Displacement occurred as a result of different government policies and actions. The two largest groups of IDPs are farm workers and their families who have been displaced as a result of losing their employment on farms which were seized and reallocated during the fast-track land reform programme, and people displaced as a result of evictions in Zimbabwe’s towns and cities. Others were displaced by government campaigns against informal mine workers, and by politically-motivated violence. Of the last group, most were able to return home after the 2008 elections, while many of the first three groups have been able to find other durable solutions. There has been an increase in 2011 in initiatives by the government and civil society organisations to promote durable solutions, in which IDPs and host communities have actively participated.
In October 2009, President Mugabe was the second head of state to sign the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of IDPs in Africa (the Kampala Convention).
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20 December 2011