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Publications
February 2021
The Middle East and North Africa report on internal displacement, the first of its kind, delves into the scale, drivers, patterns and impacts of internal displacement in MENA.
The report is divided in two main parts:
Part 1 presents the trends and patterns of internal displacement associated with conflict, violence and disasters during the past decade.
Part 2 discusses the current challenges in monitoring and reporting in the region, including the chronic nature of displacement, its economic and social impacts, and its relationship with cross-border and return movements.
It also presents good practices and recommendations for the next decade, taking into account the nexus between conflict, disasters and displacement.
Download report in English (PDF)16.82 MB
Download report in Arabic (PDF)13.16 MB
Media Centre
15 February 2021
A decade of political upheaval in the Middle East and North Africa has generated levels of displacement never seen before, according to the latest report by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). An estimated 12.4 million people are currently internally displaced across the region.
When the Arab Spring protests broke out a decade ago, the MENA region was home to more than 3.5 million internally displaced people (IDPs). The figure has more than tripled in a decade as a result of enduring civil wars and localised conflict. It is expected to increase further with climate-related disasters generating new displacement every year.
According to IDMC's new report, between 2010 and 2019 conflict in the region caused 2.9 million new displacements a year on average. IDPs now account for nearly three per cent of the region’s population, the equivalent of the population of the cities of Amman, Beirut, Damascus, Dubaï and Tunis combined.
“The scale of both internal and cross-border displacement is unprecedented in some countries. Half of Syria’s pre-war population has been displaced at least once, with some families having moved 25 times over the course of the country’s ten-year civil war”, said IDMC Director Alexandra Bilak.
“Many of the region’s 7.8 million refugees and asylum seekers were in fact IDPs before they made the difficult choice to leave their country in search of a safer future.”
Conflict and disaster displacement have become increasingly intertwined in places like Idlib, northwestern Syria and Marib governorate in Yemen. IDPs taking refuge in camps or living in inadequate housing as a result of conflict and violence have been pushed into secondary or tertiary displacement by floods and storms. In total, sudden and slow-onset disasters have triggered 1.5 million new internal displacements across the region over the last decade.
The economic impact of displacement represents an additional burden for governments, already struggling to support those in need and to provide basic services. The COVID-19 pandemic has only complicated matters further. IDMC estimates that the economic cost of internal displacement in the region is nearly $8 billion per year, which would be enough to provide two billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines, according to the World Health Organization.
Having reliable, timely and accurate data on the scale, duration, risk and impacts of internal displacement will be a key step in breaking the vicious cycle of vulnerability.
“Data alone, however, will not be enough,” said Alexandra Bilak. “Preparing for and providing long-term support to returning refugees and IDPs will be paramount to the future stability of the region. Yet fewer than half of the returnees IDMC surveyed in Iraq were living in their areas of origin, primarily due to ongoing insecurity or lack of infrastructure.”
Current UN-led diplomatic efforts in Syria, Libya and Yemen could bring positive developments for IDPs, and signal a welcome sea of change in the region. The fate of millions of people uprooted from their homes, and the future of an entire generation, are at stake.
Notes to editors:
Read and download the report ‘A decade of displacement in the Middle East and North Africa’ here.
For interviews, please contact:
Frankie Parrish, Communications Specialist
Email: frankie.parrish@idmc.ch
Mobile: +41 78 630 16 78
Dawn Vout, Head of External Relations
Email: dawn.vout@idmc.ch
Mobile: +41 78 656 4622
Live and pre-recorded interviews can be arranged with Alexandra Bilak, IDMC’s director.
About IDMC:
Every day, people flee conflict and disasters and become displaced inside their own countries. The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre provides data and analysis and supports partners to identify and implement solutions to internal displacement.
Follow IDMC on social media:
Facebook: www.facebook.com/IDMC.Geneva
Twitter: @IDMC_Geneva
بعد مرور 10 سنوات على احتجاجات الربيع العربي، ما زالت عمليات النزوح الداخلي في أوجها منذ بداية الأزمة في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا
جنيف، 15 فبراير/شباط 2021 - أدى عقْد من الاضطرابات السياسية في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا إلى خلق مستويات غير مسبوقة من النزوح، وفقًا لآخر تقرير صادر عن مركز رصد النزوح الداخلي (IDMC). ويُقدَّر عدد المشردين داخليًا في جميع أنحاء المنطقة حاليًا بنحو 12.4 مليون شخص.
عندما اندلعت احتجاجات الربيع العربي قبل عقد من الزمان، كانت منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا موطنًا لأكثر من 3.5 مليون نازح داخليًا. ولقد تضاعف هذا الرقم أكثر من ثلاثة أمثال ما كان عليه في عقد من الزمان نتيجة الحروب الأهلية والصراعات المحلية الدائمة. ومن المتوقع أن يزداد أكثر حتى بالتزامن مع الكوارث المرتبطة بالمناخ التي تخلق عمليات نزوح جديدة كل عام.
ووفقًا لتقرير مركز رصد النزوح الداخلي الجديد، فقد تسبب النزاع في المنطقة بين عامي 2010 و2019 في نزوح 2.9 مليون شخص جُدد في المتوسط سنويًا. ويمثل النازحون داخليا الآن ما يقرب من 3% من سكان المنطقة، أي ما يعادل سكان مدن عمَّان وبيروت ودمشق ودبي وتونس كلها مجتمعة.
ولقد صرّحت مديرة المركز ألكسندرا بيلاك قائلةً: "إن حجم النزوح الداخلي والنزوح عبر الحدود لم يسبق له مثيل في بعض البلدان". وأضافت قائلة: "نزح نصف سكان سوريا قبل الحرب مرةً واحدة على الأقل، حيث نزحت بعض العائلات 25 مرة خلال الحرب الأهلية التي دارت رحاها طيلة عشر سنوات في سوريا".
"وكثير من اللاجئين وطالبي اللجوء في المنطقة البالغ عددهم 7.8 مليون نسمة كانوا في الواقع نازحين داخليًا قبل أن يتخذوا الخيار الصعب بمغادرة بلادهم بحثا عن مستقبل أكثر أمانًا".
لقد أصبحت النزاعات وعمليات النزوح بسبب الكوارث متشابكة بشكل متزايد في أماكن مثل إدلب وشمال غرب سوريا ومحافظة مأرب في اليمن. إن النازحين الذين يلجأون إلى مخيمات أو يعيشون في مساكن غير ملائمة نتيجة الصراع وأعمال العنف اضطروا إلى النزوح مرة ثانية أو ثالثة بسبب الفيضانات والعواصف. وإجمالاً، تسببت الكوارث المفاجئة البطيئة النشوء في نزوح 1.5 مليون شخصًا جديدًا داخليًا في جميع أنحاء المنطقة على مدار العقد الماضي.
ويمثل الأثر الاقتصادي للنزوح عبئا إضافيًا على الحكومات التي تكافح بالفعل لدعم المحتاجين وتوفير الخدمات الأساسية. ولقد أدت جائحة فيروس كورونا المُستجد إلى تعقيد الأمور بقدرٍ أكبر. يقدِّر مركز رصد النزوح الداخلي أن التكلفة الاقتصادية للنزوح الداخلي في المنطقة تبلغ حوالي 8 مليارات دولار سنويًا، أي ما يكفي لتوفير ملياري جرعة من لقاحات فيروس كورونا المُستجد، وفقا لمنظمة الصحة العالمية.
سيكون استخلاص بيانات موثوقة ودقيقة في الوقت المناسب عن حجم النزوح الداخلي ومدته ومخاطره وآثاره خطوة رئيسية في كسر حلقة الضعف المفرغة.
قالت ألكسندرا بيلاك: "لكن البيانات وحدها لن تكون كافية". "سيكون الاستعداد وتقديم الدعم بعيد الأجل للاجئين العائدين والنازحين داخليًا أمرًا بالغ الأهمية لاستقرار المنطقة في المستقبل. ومع ذلك، فإن أقل من نصف العائدين الذين شملهم استطلاع المركز في العراق كانوا يعيشون في مناطقهم الأصلية، ويرجع ذلك أساسًا إلى استمرار انعدام الأمن أو الافتقار إلى البنية التحتية".
من الممكن أن تجلب الجهود الدبلوماسية الحالية التي تقودها الأمم المتحدة في سوريا وليبيا واليمن تطورات إيجابية للنازحين داخليًا وأن تكون بشيرًا بتغيير كبير في المنطقة. فمصير ملايين من البشر ممَّن اقتُلِعوا من ديارهم ومستقبل جيل كامل على المحك.
النهاية.
ملاحظات للمحررين:
يمكنكم مطالعة تقرير "عقد كامل من النزوح في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا" وتنزيله من هنا.
للمقابلات الشخصية، يرجى التواصل مع:
فرانكي باريش، مسؤولة الاتصالات
البريد الإلكتروني: frankie.parrish@idmc.ch
هاتف جوال: +41 78 630 16 78
دون فوت، رئيسة قسم العلاقات الخارجية
البريد الإلكتروني: dawn.vout@idmc.ch
هاتف جوال: +41 78 656 4622
يمكن ترتيب المقابلات المباشرة والمسجَّلَة مسبقًا مع مديرة مركز رصد النزوح الداخلي ألكسندرا بيلاك.
نبذة عن مركز رصد النزوح الداخلي:
كل يوم، يفر البشر من النزاعات والكوارث ويمسون مشردين داخل بلدانهم. ويوفر مركز رصد النزوح الداخلي البيانات والتحليلات ويدعم الشركاء بغية تحديد وتنفيذ حلول النزوح الداخلي.
يمكنكم متابعة مركز رصد النزوح الداخلي على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي:
فيسبوك: www.facebook.com/IDMC.Geneva
تويتر: @IDMC_Geneva
Publications
February 2021
This report highlights why and how risk assessments need to become an integral part of urban planning, and presents an original tool that allows local authorities to assess disaster displacement risk in their urban area.
Displacement risk associated with disasters and climate change is concentrated in cities and expected to increase in the coming years. Therefore, determining a hazard-prone city’s displacement risk profile is key to sustainable development, effective humanitarian response and long-term prevention of displacement. This report focuses on the potential of urban planning strategies to establish enabling environments in which citizens participate in managing disaster displacement risk. It presents promising practices from different cities around the world to highlight how such forms of engagement contribute to whole-of-society approaches to urban resilience.
Events
February 2021
15 February 2021
11:00 - 13:00 Geneva time | 13:00 - 15:00 Doha time
Qatar Charity, the Qatar Fund for Development and the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre are pleased to invite you to the launch of a new report on internal displacement in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which will take place on 15 February from 11:00-13:00 Geneva time / 13:00-15:00 Doha time.
Forced displacement has been a common feature of the region’s humanitarian crises over the past decade. The number of displaced people has more than tripled since 2011, with a total of 12.4 million people living in internal displacement as of December 2019.
We will be joined at this virtual event by a prominent panel of speakers who will discuss the findings of IDMC’s report and share insights on what can be done to bring lasting solutions to IDPs and contribute to the region’s future stability and development.
Simultaneous interpretation in Arabic and English will be provided.
Speakers
Mr. Ali Abbas Jahakir, Director General of the Branches Affairs Department/Ministry of Migration and Displaced of the Republic of Iraq
Mr. Nawaf Al-Hammadi, Deputy CEO for International programs, Qatar Charity
Nawaf AlHammadi currently heads Qatar Charity’s global humanitarian and development programs spanning across 70 countries, bringing outstanding expertise and experience to build and implement lasting solutions to poverty, marginalisation and inequalities. AlHammadi joined Qatar Charity as Chief Global Programs Officer in 2020 after a decade-long experience in non-profit and public affairs. AlHammadi was nominated to head the Criminal Court of the State of Qatar, a position that led to him being appointed Assistant Undersecretary at the Supreme Judiciary Council in 2019.
Mr. Misfer Al-Shahwani, Deputy Director General for Development Projects, Qatar Fund for Development
Misfer Al-Shahwani is responsible for the performance of the Development Projects functions and reports on business operations, financial performance, and risk and compliance and ensures the sound implementation of corporate governance. Al-Shahwani oversees more than 90 projects in 50 countries.
Dr. Seyed Amirhossein Garakani, Head of the National Disaster Research Institute and UNESCO Chair on Natural Disasters Management of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Dr. Seyed Amirhossein Garakani has been the head of Natural Disasters Research Institute and UNESCO chair on natural disasters management since 2018. He previously was the Reconstruction Deputy and the Head of the Office for Rural Housing Studies and Research in the Islamic Republic Housing Foundation. He has written or worked as co-author in 13 books with the subject of rural housing and post-disaster reconstruction.
Mr. Jean-Nicolas Beuze, UNHCR Representative in Yemen
Jean-Nicolas Beuze worked for more than 21 years with the United Nations in the areas of Human Rights (OHCHR), Peacekeeping (DPKO) and UNICEF at Headquarters and in the field (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Afghanistan and the Middle-East and North Africa region) before joining UNHCR in Lebanon as Deputy Representative for Protection and Inter-Agency Coordination. He was previously appointed as the Deputy Director of the Human Rights Unit of UN Peace-Keeping/DPKO mission in Afghanistan/UNAMA (2008-10) focusing on women’s rights, elections, poverty and the protection of civilians.
Mr. Mohamed Abu-Haloub, Director of the Gaza Strip Office, Qatar Charity
Virtual event
Events
February 2021
Pacific Regional Consultation on Internal Displacement
Pacific perspectives and practices on climate change and disaster displacement
Thursday 11 February 2021 | 18:00 - 20:00 FJT / 07:00 - 09:00 CET
Co-organised by the Pacific Resilience Partnership’s Technical Working Group (TWG) on Human Mobility and the UN Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Internal Displacement
Every year, more than 50,000 people in the Pacific are forced to flee their homes due to the devastating impacts of disasters and climate change. The Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS), as among the world’s most disaster-prone countries, bear the greatest displacement risk.
This virtual consultation presents an opportunity for Pacific government officials to exchange their country experiences in addressing climate and disaster-induced internal displacement. Recommendations from the consultation will be submitted to the UN Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Internal Displacement.

Virtual event
Events
January 2021
Webinar: Climate Change, Migration and Displacement in East Africa
Wednesday 27 January 2021 | 14:00 EAT / 12:00 CET
In 2019, 33.4 million people were displaced globally as a result of disasters. In 2020, 9.8 million people were displaced during the first half of 2020 alone. Disasters are a leading trigger of new internal displacements globally according to the report by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC).
Climate change is exacerbating many humanitarian crises and may lead to an increase in human mobility. In East Africa, disasters together with conflicts have displaced millions of people every year and the figure shows an increasing trend of displacement due to disasters such as floods. Understanding the role of climate change in driving migration and displacement and what can be done about it is critical not just for risk management efforts or humanitarian response, but also to ensure sustainable development.
This webinar aims at improving understanding of current trends in climate change, disasters and human mobility and raising awareness on the interlinkages between climate change, migration, displacement and refugees in the IGAD region.
Panelists:
- Nina Birkeland, Senior Adviser Disaster Displacement and Climate Change, Norwegian Refugee Council
- Madeline Garlick, Chief of the Protection Policy and Legal Advice Section in the Division of International Protection, UNHCR
- Bina Desai, Head of Programmes, IDMC
- Mohammed Abdiker, Regional Director for East and Horn of Africa, IOM
Find more information here.
Virtual event